|
|
Juristische Expertensysteme
Bibliographie
- (archive.org) Wissensakquisition und -repräsentation
Zur Problematik der Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle, speziell zu den Möglichkeiten der Wissensakquise und ?repräsentation in Expertensystemen. Teil der Magisterarbeit von Karsten Weber an der Universität Karlsruhe mit dem Titel "Mensch-Maschine: Wissenschafts- und erkenntnistheoretische Betrachtungen zum Menschen als informationsverarbeitendes System", September 1999.
- Cyborgs I: Synergie zwischen Mensch und Maschine
Projekt "Cyberworlds" des Instituts für Kommunikationswissenschaft, Uni Münster.
...Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst der aktuelle Stand anwendungsorientierter Technologien in den Bereichen Medizin, Expertensysteme und Militär exemplarisch dargestellt. Der Hauptteil dieser Ausarbeitung handelt von Wissenschaftlern und ihren Visionen in bezug auf mögliche Auswirkungen der sich weiterentwickelnden Technologie. Bevor jedoch deren Verständnis vom Menschen und seinem Denken dargestellt wird, ist es zunächst wichtig, die grundsätzlichen Unterschiede in der Funktionsweise von Gehirn und Digitalcomputer zu verdeutlichen.
- Aspects of Legal Expert Systems
University of Western Australia Law School.
Different aspects of legal expert sytems are discussed as: Different types of legal expert sytems, cost and efficiency, ethical considerations. Many links.
- Expert Systems on Tort in Japan, Osaka University
By Kagayama, Shigeru, Sept 1995.
Paper deals with the subject of automated legal reasoning research in Japan. This type of research has come to be called "legal expert system" research. The subject will be treated in a concrete manner using Japanese tort law as an example.
- An Overview of Some Reasoning Formalisms as Applied to Law
By Dan Hunter and John Zeleznikow, CLAIR-Project.
In this paper we provide an overview of three fundamental reasoning formalisms in artificial intelligence which can and have been used in modelling legal reasoning. These formalisms are deductive, inductive and analogical reasoning. We do not insist that legal decision support systems must incorporate all three formalisms; however it is our belief that truly intelligent systems will eventually incorporate at least these three. There are of course many other artificial intelligence approaches which may be useful in legal decision support systems, but which have yet to be fully exploited in law. We will mention these in our conclusion and indicate where we believe they might be used, but focus in this paper on those approaches which are currently well established in law.
- Österreichische Rechtsinformatik-Bibliographie
Die von Peter Ebenhoch im Auftrag der österreichischen Computergesellschaft erstellte Übersicht weist fast 400 Titel aus den verschiedensten Bereichen der Rechtsinformatik nach (auch Expertensysteme). Auflistung erfolgt nach der Florenzer Klassifikation der Rechtsinformatik oder nach Autorenname. Es werden nur Titel nachgewiesen, keine Anzeige von Texten, kein Download. Wird jährlich aktualisiert.
- Bibliography, La Trobe University, Australia
Long list of books and articles to expert systems in general, numerous papers to legal expert systems.
- A.I. Expert Systems - Good or Bad for Lawyers?
By Sandra Mingail, Web Managing Editor, Canada Law Book Inc., 2002.
Short introduction into Expert Systems in Law, mentions ICaR Systems and SHYSTER.
- Neue Intelligenz
Aufsatz von Erik Möller, Volltext, 1997.
Der Artikel beschreibt verschiedene Strömungen der KI-Forschung. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf einer Zukunftsprognose, d.h. der Autor versucht abzuschätzen, wie die KI die Technik und den Menschen in Zukunft verändern wird. Angeschnitten werden die Themen Tierra-Projekt, Artificial Life, Turing-Test/Loeber-Preis, Cyc-Software und Nanotechnik. Mit Adressen und Links zu den einzelnen Themen.
- Is a computer capable of interpreting case law?
By Prof. R.V. De Mulder and C.J.M Combrink-Kuiters.
Article introduces to computer-based techniques on the prediction of the outcome of judicial verdicts on the basis of the digitised version of all former Supreme Court verdicts.
- Legal Expert Systems - Robot Lawers? An introduction to knowledge-based applications to law
By Graham Greenleaf BA LLB MACS, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Presentation at the Australian Legal Convention, Darling Harbour, Sydney, August 1989.
Article lines out the history of expert systems in law, comments on types of knowledge-based applications to legal practice and discusses its limitations.
- Legal Expert Systems: A Humanistic Critique of Mechanical Legal Inference
By Andrew Greinke, The Australian National University, 29. November 1994.
The author surveys a wide range of computerised expert systems and shows that they invariably rely on pattern-matching and rule application strategies which have been embodied in their inference mechanisms and knowledge representations. This computational approach is argued to be unsuitable for use with law which presents a domain of intractable complexity arising out of the need to refer to social context and human purpose in resolving legal issues. The author concludes that a better use for computation in legal applications is in the form of decision- support systems that leave legal inference to human agents.
- A Legal Retrieval Information System
Kevin Curran and Lee Higgins, 2000.
The Internet (or more specifically the World Wide Web) has become the forum for information gathering and will surely be an essential tool of all modern lawyers. The Java language can enable us to transform the Web into a truly interactive law library. Most modern legal information is contained (or can be structured as we have described) within databases. The Java Servlet API helps provide the processing power needed to service the complex information needs of lawyers, and can also provide the backbone on which we can construct Intelligent Legal Aid retrieval systems.
- Rechtsinformatik. Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Aufsatz von Prof. Dr. A. Kaiser, Abteilung für Informationswirtschaft, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien. Im Volltext abrufbar. Inhalt: Die verschiedenen Anwendungsgebiete der Informatik haben sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmend zu selbständigen Bereichen in der Wissenschaft entwickelt. Während die Betriebsinformatik und die Wirtschaftsinformatik bereits einen festen Platz in Forschung und Lehre erobern konnten, hat die Rechtsinformatik bisweilen nicht annähernd einen so großen Stellenwert erreicht. Der folgende Beitrag möchte, ausgehend von der bestehenden Definition der Rechtsinformatik, eine Standortbestimmung der Anliegen dieser Teildisziplin der Angewandten Informatik geben. Dabei werden insbesondere die einzelnen Anwendungsbereiche der Informatik in den Rechtswissenschaften näher beleuchtet. Darüber hinaus soll die Frage geklärt werden, warum sich die Rechtsinformatik bislang nur wenig durchsetzen konnte und ob sie als eigene Disziplin überhaupt von Nöten ist.
- Juristische
Beitrag in vier Teilen von Andreas Günther, jur-PC Hefte 09/89, 10/89, 01/90, 02/90. Volltext mittels Download aus Online-Archive, Ansicht mit CPC-Viewer von Cartesian, Download-Link unter ?Anmerkungen der Redaktion zum Archiv?.
Im ersten Teil des Beitrag schildert der Autor den theoretischen Hintergrund des Projekts Expertensystem-Dialog zum Vertragsschluss. Dabei geht er auch auf die Arbeit der Brüder Dreyfus ein: Mind over Machine. Im zweiten Teil seines Beitrags wendet sich Günther der Frage zu, welche Programmierwerkzeuge für die Entwicklung von dialogunterstützenden Subsumtionssystemen in Frage kommen. Im Praxistest ? dritter Teil des Beitrags von Günther - werden die Werkzeuge XPRO und DIALTUE konzeptionell gegenübergestellt. Vervollständigt wird der Vergleich durch Überlegungen zu den Anforderungen an eine juristische Dialogsprache. Im Anschluß an die in den bisherigen Teilen der Serie erarbeitete konzeptuelle Klärung des Entwicklungs- und Anwendungsumfeldes von "Expertensystemen" ist Gegenstand der vierten Folge die Vorstellung des (in der Mailbox verfügbaren) Systems zum Vertragsschluß. Es werden die Designprinzipien dargelegt, die zur Wahl bestimmter Sequenzen und zu spezifischen Gestaltungen der Anordnung des Codes geführt haben.
- Expertensysteme
Von Claudia Petcu, JurPC Web-Dok. 21/1998, Abs. 1-27, Volltext-Ansicht.
Einführung in Funktionsweise, Aufbau, Einsatzgebiete, Shells im Allgemeinen und die Shells Clips und Fuzzy-Clips.
- Das Verschwinden des Rechts
Volltext. Sehr kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Entwicklung von Recht und Rechtsstaat von Klaus Richter in Juridikum ? Zeitschrift im Rechtsstaat, Nr. 3/93. Expertensystem, im Showdown des Rechtsstaats.
- Development of Integrated Criminal Justice Expert System Applications
Implementation of expert systems at the Phoenix Police Department, Phoenix, Arizona. Report by Artificial Intelligence Group, Management Information Systems Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Phoenix Police Department, Phoenix, Arizona. Project launched in 1988.
- LIDOS - Literature Information and Documentation System
Service of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH. Broad access to bibliographic information on Artificial Intelligence: books, journals, contributions to conferences etc. Most recent contributions from 1995.
- Nicht-lineares Information Retrieval in der juristischen Informationssuche
Dissertation von Frank Krüger an der philosophischen Fakultät der Universität des Saalandes, September 1995. Volltextversion abrufbar. Inhalt: [...] lautet die Kernfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit wie folgt: Wie läßt sich die juristische Informationssuche durch moderne informationswissenschaftliche Methoden verbessern? Dabei stehen zwei Leitgedanken im Vordergrund: Einmal die Forderung nach einer möglichst unauffälligen und intuitiven Schnittstelle zwischen dem elektronischen Informationssystem und seinem Benutzer. Dies kann durch die verstärkte Anpassung des Computers an die Arbeits- und Denkweise des juristischen Benutzers geschehen. Andererseits ist auch Wert darauf zu legen, daß die technischen Möglichkeiten nicht über den für die juristische Arbeit hinaus sinnvollen Rahmen angewendet werden. Die Entwicklung in diesem Bereich soll also von juristischer Seite aus bestimmt werden.
- Friedrich Gebhardt - ehem. Fraunhofer IAIS
Selected publications by F. Gebhardt on expert systems, some on expert systems in law. Books, journal articles, articles in collections. English and German articles, no full text.
- GMD-Schriftenreihen und GMD-Report, Recherche mit Birlinghovener Informationsdienste (BID)
Die Seite der Birlinghovener Informationsdienste (BID) ermöglicht eine Recherche in den Publikationen der im Jahre 2001 in der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft aufgegangenen Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD).
In der Reihe GMD Report wurden Diplomarbeiten, Vorab-Veröffentlichungen, Proceedings, Arbeitsberichte und ergänzende Materialien veröffentlicht.
- A Pragmatic Legal Expert System - Shyster
By James Popple, Dartmouth 1996, book presentation.
Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. This book argues that a complex model is unnecessary. It advocates a simpler, pragmatic approach in which the utility of a legal expert system is evaluated by reference, not to the extent to which it simulates a lawyer's approach to a legal problem, but to the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. The author describes the development of a legal expert system, called SHYSTER, which takes a pragmatic approach to case law. He discusses the testing of SHYSTER in four different and disparate areas of case law, and draws conclusions about the advantages and limitations of this approach to legal expert system development.
Review of the book by Michael Aikenhead, Centre for Law and Computing, University of Durham.
- Natural-Language Legal Expert System Builder (NLESB)
NLESB enables a lawyer to build a useful legal expert system in ordinary English without being a computer expert. It accepts rules in ordinary English, though in normalized form, and parses them into propositional data structures that it can use to draw inferences. NLESB has some features, particularly in its logic, that are peculiar to the needs of legal expert systems.
Reprints of a report can be ordered, a prototype implementation is available.
- The uses and abuses of neural networks in law
1996 by Michael Aikenhead, Centre for Law and Computing, University of Durham, UK.
This paper will examine existing and proposed uses of neural nets in the law focusing on the jurisprudential implications and limitations inherent in those proposals.This paper is divided into six chapters. Following this introduction is a technical overview of neural nets, in order to outline their benefits and limitations. This is followed by a discussion of the nature of legal reasoning and the various models proposed to described it. With this background, chapter four examines various current and proposed uses of neural nets in law. Chapter five provides a jurisprudential examination of these uses. This paper concludes with some remarks on the uses made of neural nets in the law and the promise they provide for future research into the creation of legal expert systems.
- Tax expert systems and future development
By The CPA Journal Online, by Eugene P. Porter, Jan 1994.
Article describes the development of tax expert systems over the last 25 years from Taxman to Expertax. The potential of expert system deployment in accounting, auditing and decision making in the future is analysed and the emergence of a new breed of systems is foreseen.
- White Paper on Automating Legal Issues in Internet Commerce
By Laurence L. Leff, Ph.D., Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb IL 61455, 1999, full text.
Abstract: The time is ripe to integrate three separate developments in computer applications: electronic commerce, applications of artificial intelligence to litigation, and the automated submission of legal documents to courts. This document discusses the related state of the art in these fields. It also discusses some statistics about contract litigation. Lastly, I describe a project that I am starting at Western Illinois University and for which I am seeking your input as users and leaders of the relevant technologies.
- Artificial Intelligence and the Law
Chapter 13 of the TECHNOLOGY & THE LAW REPORT 1999, Victorian Law Reform Committee, Melbourne, Australia: A cutting-edge study into the opportunities available in the use of new technologies to streamline the administration of courts and tribunals and to improve access to courts and tribunals by members of the public.
- Decision Making in an Integrated Justice Environment
By James R. Hargreaves, IBM Corporation, September 1997.
This article was created and submitted in preparation for the Fifth National Court Technology Conference (CTC5) of the National Center for State Courts, USA.
- Accounting Expert Systems
By Smith, L. Murphy, The CPA Journal Online, Nov 1994.
Expert systems have been developed by larger firms and businesses for a variety of applications. While only a few systems can be purchased, packages are available to enable those interested in developing their own. The authors tell what's available.
- Will Justice Fall to Bits?
By Alan L Tyree, 1997.
History of expert systems, use of expert system, the example FINDER ? a legal expert system. More online papers on Alan L Tyree´s AI page .
- Teaching Artificial Intelligence to Law Students
Dan Hunter, University of Melbourne, Australia, Oct 1994.
Dan Hunter reports his experience with AI classes for law students. Students were taught some theorie and had to program a small expert system on their own. Hunter describes the curriculum of the class, the feedback from students and the results gained.
- Reading Guides 2000-Computerisation of Law
By Graham Greenleaf, University of New South Wales, Austalia, Ocober 2000.
Online reading guides on his classes on "Computerisation of Law", e.g.:
- Knowledge-based Legal Applications
- Computerisation of Legal Practice
- A Discourse on Law and Artificial Intelligence
By Michael Aikenhead, Collingwood College, Durham, UK, June 1996.
Attempts to simulate the processes of legal reasoning using artificial intelligence (AI) have a long and stimulating history. To date, attempts have resulted in only very rough simulations; the processes of legal reasoning have only inaccurately been captured. This inability to capture the richness and complexity inherent in law and legal reasoning has partly been the result of the adoption of outdated jurisprudential models on which to base AI legal reasoning systems. The recent adoption by researchers in AI and law of more modern jurisprudential theory about the nature of law and legal reasoning, holds the promise of creating truly useful automated legal reasoning systems.
- Ontologies in the Design of Legal Knowledge Systems; Towards a Library of Legal Domain Ontologies
By Pepijn R.S. Visser and Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon, LIAL - Legal Informatics at Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Department of Computer Science, Liverpool, U.K., 1998, Full text.
Abstract: Legal ontologies are useful in the design of knowledge systems because they are reusable. A library of such ontologies could greatly enhance the development of legal knowledge systems. In this article we address the creation of such a library. In particular, we discuss four legal ontologies and investigate how the ontologies can be indexed and represented in a library.
- Martino, Antonio Anselmo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Publications and conference papers on expert systems in law.
- Mehr technische Sicherheit durch mehr Rechtsklarheit
Von Hans-Jürgen Groß, Ulrich Seifert, Artur Steiff. pdf-Datei.
Vorstellung des Systems TEIRESIAS (Technisches Informationssystem zum Regelwerk für die Sicherheit von Anlagen und Stoffen), ein EDV-gestütztes Informationssystem, das u.a. das Immissionsschutz-, Wasser- und Abfallrecht, das Arbeitssicherheits- und das Gesundheitsschutz, das Chemikalien- und das Gefahrstoffrecht sowie benachbarte Rechtsgebiete einbezieht. TEIRESIAS ist Ergebnis eines Forschungsprojektes von mehreren Instituten, gefördert durch das BMBF.
- Künstliche Intelligenz in der juristischen Praxis
Von Mag. Elke Standeker, 1999 oder 2000, Volltext.
Allgemeine Einführung in juristische Expertensysteme, Funktionsweise, Einsatzmöglichkeiten, moralische Aspekte etc.
- AI & Law research on legal evidence: an overview
By Henry Prakken, May 2001.
Powerpoint presentation. An overview talk at the ICAIL-2001 workshop on AI and Legal Evidence.
- PC entwirft Scheidungsurteile
Von Dieter Höbbel, JurPC Web-Dok. 55/2000, Abs. 1-17, Volltext-Ansicht.
Der Autor ist Vizepräsident des Amtsgerichts Hannover und stellt ein System vor, das seit 1980 an Niedersächsischen Familiengerichten zur vereinfachten Erstellung von Scheidungsurteilen genutzt wird. Die neuesten Systemversionen nennen sich EUREKA Fam und F T CAM. Der Einsatz der Software erleichtert Dezernatsneulingen die Einarbeitung und führt generell zu Zeitersparnis.
- Delivering Legal Services via Web-Based Expert Systems
By Larry Bodine, Chicago based marketing consultant, 2002.
Law firms are collecting hundreds of thousands of dollars in subscription fees from clients who use their question-and-answer advisory services based on the Web. These online "expert systems" are working right now, from local legal aid societies all the way up to international mega law firms.
Literaturliste (Titel nicht online verfügbar)
- Literaturliste
Dieser Link führt zu einer kleinen Liste mit Literatur, die online nicht verfügbar ist. Einige der Zeitschriften, in denen die empfohlenen Artikel veröffentlicht sind, sind sehr speziell und nur in wenigen Bibliotheken verfügbar (z.B. die Zeitschrift "Artificial Intelligence & Law"). Man kann die Artikel aber über Dokumentenversanddienste wie etwa http://www.subito-doc.de beziehen.
Einzelne Expertensysteme und -shells: internetbasierte Programme, Downloads, Besprechungen
- MK-X: Juristische Expertensysteme mit ESTA
Newsletter des Prolog Development Center, Denmark. Aufsatz in Deutsch, englisches Original vom Feb. 1996. Kurzer Bericht über die Prolog-basierte Expertensystem-Shell ESTA, die für die Entwicklung juristischer Expertensysteme eingesetzt werden kann. Mit Kontaktadressen in Deutschland.
- !MEX! - Expertensystem zum österreichischen Mietrecht
Startbutton links oben. Martin Neuwirther + Team haben seit 1996 ein System zur Bestimmung der gesetzlichen Möglichkeiten bei Immobilien-Vermietungen für den österreichischen Markt entwickelt. Das Programm kann alle zulässigen (Ver)mietoptionen auf Knopfdruck bestimmen. Im Richtwertfall kann es sogar eine Berechnung des Richtwertzinses durchführen. Das Expertensystem kann als Vollversion käuflich erworben werden, steht in eingeschränktem Funktionsumfang Privatpersonen gratis im Internt zur Verfügung.
- Mietminderungsexpertensystem von RA-Micro Kanzleisoftware
Vom Nutzer werden Details zu der in seiner Wohnung eingetretenen Beeinträchtigung abgefragt. Das System ermittelt dann einschlägige Rechtsprechung, gibt dem Nutzer eine Liste mit Fällen aus, die sein Minderungsbegehren stützen und macht einen Vorschlag für die Höhe der Mietminderung.
- SelfMind© for Windows - an inference engine
SelfMind for Windows is an inference engine, developed by Fabrice Muhlenbach. On his website the system is introduced. A freeware version can be downloaded. Website is in English, the underlying theoretical aspects are presented in the Master´s Degree report in French.
- Logic Programming Associates Ltd - Expert System Shell
LPA's widely-supported "flex" system provides a sophisticated, frame-based shell which can be combined, where required, with Prolog code to provide complete, powerful, cross-platform expert systems. Supported not only on LPA's WIN-PROLOG and MacProlog32 platforms, flex is also available for a variety of third-party Prolog compilers, including those from Quintus and BIM.
- elaws - employment laws assistance for workers & small businesses
A service of the U.S. Department of Labor.
The elaws Advisors are interactive tools that provide information about Federal employment laws. Each Advisor simulates an interaction between you and an employment law expert. It asks questions and provides answers based on your responses.
- Expert System Designer
A visual environment for developing expert systems for advanced CLIPS/JESS users. It offers an integrated debugger and project Version Manager. It is suitable for the development of large projects. With Optimal Editor the user has the possibility to visually edit code sequences including if/else, for..do or while..do structures.
- Jurexpert - Expertensystem zum Arbeitsrecht und anderen Rechtsgebieten
von Uwe Hartleb.
JUREX ist ein neuartiges Juristisches Expertensystem, ein Computerprogramm.
Mit diesem Expertensystem lassen sich Rechtsfälle weitaus schneller lösen als mit den bisher bekannten juristischen Hilfsmitteln.
Auch der nicht auf ein bestimmtes Fachgebiet spezialisierte Jurist wird durch JUREX in die Lage versetzt, einen Fall aus dem ihm weniger vertrauten Rechtsgebiet zuverlässig zu lösen.
Zum Nachweis der Überlegenheit solcher Expertensysteme bei der Falllösung wurde in dieser Website das Arbeitsrecht im Umfang von etwa 2000 Schreibmaschinenseiten dokumentiert mit der Folge, dass jeder Jurist - auch der Student - mit dem Programm und dieser Arbeitsrechtsdokumentation, arbeitsrechtliche Fälle in kurzer Zeit lösen kann. Programm, Arbeitsrechtsdokumentation und Benutzerhandbuch können Sie kostenlos von dieser Website kostenlos abrufen.
- Janolaw AG - Internetbasierte Expertensysteme
Die Janolaw AG entwickelt internetbasierte juristische Expertensysteme. Die Systeme können gegen Entgelt "abonniert", das heißt in andere internet-Seiten eingebunden und so Kunden zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Ein immobilienrechtliches Expertensystem von janolaw findet man auf der Immobilienseite der HypoVereinsbank. Mietrechtliches Expertensystem von janolaw bei der Cocomore AG. Besprechung des Janolaw-Angebotes bei freenet.de: Rechtsberatung per Mausklick.
- JESS - Java Expert System Shell
There is a new 6.0b1 beta release of the development version of Jess available for download. 6.0b1 introduces modules, and contains many small bug fixes and enhancements over 6.0a8.
Jess is a rule engine and scripting environment written entirely in Sun's Java language by Ernest Friedman-Hill at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, CA. Jess was originally inspired by the CLIPS expert system shell, but has grown into a complete, distinct Java-influenced environment of its own. Using Jess, you can build Java applets and applications that have the capacity to "reason" using knowledge you supply in the form of declarative rules. Jess is surprisingly fast, and for some problems is faster than CLIPS itself (using a good JIT compiler, of course.)
- Protection Order Advisor
By L. Karl Branting,University of Wyoming Applied AI Lab, 1997.
The Protection Order Advisor (POA) is a program to assist protection order applicants in (1) determining whether they qualify for a protection order under the laws of the state of Idaho and, if so, (2) completing a Petition and Sheriff's Information Form. POA was developed at the University of Wyoming Applied AI Lab with funding from the Idaho Supreme Court.
Power point presentation and program files for downloading.
- ESTA - Expert System Shell for Text Animation
Die ESTA-Shell ist ein Product des dänischen "Prolog Development Center" und basiert auf dessen "Visual Prolog", einer Weiterentwicklung der Logiksprache Prolog. Den Angaben der Entwickler zufolge kann ESTA für die Entwicklung jeglicher textbasierter Entscheidungssysteme - und damit auch juristischer Expertensysteme - eingesetzt werden. Mit Kontaktadressen in Deutschland.
- CLIPS
CLIPS is a productive development and delivery expert system tool which provides a complete environment for the construction of rule and/or object based expert systems. CLIPS is being used by numerous users throughout the public and private community including: all NASA sites and branches of the military, numerous federal bureaus, government contractors, universities, and many companies.
Page contains exhaustive information about CLIPS: Introduction, history, support services, FAQ, download.
- Expertensystem zum Reisevertragsrecht
Von RA Dr. Volker Nilgens, 2001.
www-basiertes Expertensystem zur Prüfung von Ansprüchen aus einem Reisevertrag. Besprechung des Systems (ältere Version) durch den WDR-Ratgeber Recht.
- Expertensystem zum Familienrecht
Von RA Dr. Volker Nilgens, 2001.
WWW-basiertes Expertensystem, das folgende Familienrechtlichen Fragen beantwortet: Liegen die Voraussetzungen für die Scheidung meiner Ehe vor?
Bekomme ich Unterhalt?
Ab wann lebt man getrennt?
Habe ich gegen meinen Ehegatten einen Anspruch auf Prozesskostenvorschuss?
Was ist Zugewinn?
- Steuerrechtliches Expertensystem der Universität Augsburg, Mai 2000
Die Aufbereitung des Steuerrechts im Rahmen eines regelbasierten Expertensystem sollte es erheblich vereinfachen, die gesetzesimmanente Funktionsweise zu verstehen und nachzuvollziehen. Darüber hinaus wird weniger auf statisches Wissen, als vielmehr auf die Problemlösungskompetenz unter Zuhilfenahme des Expertensystems abgestellt. Somit wird ein notwendiges tiefgehendes Verständnis in der Aus- und Weiterbildung erzielt. Das System wurde im Rahmen einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit am Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftliche Steuerlehre der Uni Augburg entwickelt und steht zur Nutzung im Internet zur Verfügung.
- SHYSTER
SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system, developed by James Popple. Details of the design, implementation, operation and testing of SHYSTER are given in his book A Pragmatic Legal Expert System.
SHYSTER provides advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specially developed specification language. It was implemented in a UNIX environment, and consists of a dozen modules written in ISO C. This C source code, and the case law specifications used to test SHYSTER during its development, are available for download for no charge. An example output from SHYSTER is also available.
- D3-Expertensystem-Shell-Baukasten der Universität Würzburg
Entwickelt am Lehrstuhl für Künstliche Intelligenz und Angewandte Iformatik an der Universität Würzburg.
Mit dem Expertensystemshellbaukasten D3 können wissenbasierte Diagnosesysteme entwickelt werden. Es eignet sich auch für juristische Anwendungen. Durch die grafische Wissenseingabe sind keine Programmierkenntnisse erforderlich. Das Programm kann für wissenschaftliche Zwecke kostenlos genutzt werden. Programm und Handbuch stehen zum Download bereit. Einsatz auch für Wissensbasierte Trainingssysteme.
- KONTERM - a legal expert system from the University of Vienna, Austria
The main aim of the KONTERM project is the semiautomatic analysis of legal documents. KONTERM provides a forum for discussion of the relevance of state practice. Direction: Erich Schweighofer, head of RCCL.
Kurze Projektdarstellung auf Deutsch
- Cyc-Technology - formalized common sense
Cycorp Inc. is a supplier of formalized common sense. Its Cyc software has been under development since 1984. The Cyc product family is powered by an immense multi-contextual knowledge base and an efficient inference engine. The knowledge base is built upon a core of over 1,000,000 hand-entered assertions (or "rules") designed to capture a large portion of what we normally consider consensus knowledge about the world. For example, Cyc knows that trees are usually outdoors, that once people die they stop buying things, and that glasses of liquid should be carried rightside-up.
- PARCOM - Dutch-French Belgian Labour Law Expert System
Upon request of the Belgian labour administration a bilingual (Dutch-French) legal expert system, PARCOM, has been developed in the domain of labour law for use in Windows 3.1 on PC. PARCOM was developed by the software house ORIGIN BELGIUM n.v. in cooperation with ICRI-K.U.Leuven and ORIGIN/BSO Artificial Intelligence, The Netherlands. First, a shell was built in Prolog, consisting of an inference engine, and interfaces for the user and knowledge engineer. The shell, possessing the qualities of a good expert system shell, can be used for other applications.
- FLEXICON - Towards Combining Automated Text Retrieval and Case-Based Expert Legal Advice
Article published in Law Technology Journal, March 1992.
Daphne Gelbart and J.C. Smith, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 1989.
FLEXICON is a new text-based intelligent system being developed for the effective management of legal information. It includes a text analysis and processing component producing document profiles and automatic case summaries, a non-boolean search and retrieval mechanisms as well as a menu-driven interface, thesauri, relevance feedback and query libraries. We are now examining the feasibility of the addition of case-based reasoning advisory capacity to FLEXICON thus combining automatic text processing and retrieval with case-based expert advice.
- Expert Systems in Law: The DataLex Project
Alan L. Tyree, University of Sydney, Australia, 1997.
This site describes the DataLex Project, a joint research project by the authors which has resulted in the development of a "shell" which is uniquely suited to the development of legal expert systems. The shell has been used to develop a number of experimental applications programs which are currently being used for teaching and demonstration purposes in several Australian universities.
- SPIRIT - Probabilistisches Expertensystem der Fernuni Hagen
Ein für die Darstellung unsicheren Wissens besonders geeigneter Ansatz ist im Expertensystem SPIRIT (Symmetrical Probabilistic Intensional Reasoning in Inference Networks in Transition) realisiert. Häufigkeitsverteilungen, die auf statistischen Erhebungen beruhen, können gleichermaßen berücksichtigt werden wie heuristische Regeln; Wissen des Experten wird ebenso integriert wie subjektive Einschätzungen seitens des Benutzers einfließen. SPIRIT ist in der Lage, selbständig aus eingegebenen Daten und Beispielen zu lernen und gehört damit zu den aktiv lernenden Systemen. Durch einen induktiven Lernprozess und auf Grund von Experteninformationen werden auch indirekte (d.h. nicht direkt beobachtete) Zusammenhänge durch transitives Schließen erfasst. Hervorzuheben ist weiterhin die Fähigkeit des Systems, logische Schlussfolgerungen (im Sinne der erweiterten Prädikatenlogik) aus der gemeinsamen Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung abzuleiten.
Homepage bietet Infos über die Entwicklung und Testerfahrungen, Download der Shell möglich.
- SelfMind© for Windows - Rapport de Maîtrise [PDF, franz.]
De 1995 à 1997, j'étais étudiant en Second Cycle de Sciences Cognitives à Lyon. Au cours de mon stage de maîtrise, j'ai travaillé au laboratoire ERIC sous la direction de Djamel A. ZIGHED sur un moteur d'inférences en logique non classique appelé SelfMind. Pour alimenter le système en bases de connaissances, j'ai réalisé des expériences cognitives afin d'obtenir un système expert en reconnaissance des caractères manuscrits. Une autre application de SelfMind concerne la génération de propriétés olfactives associées à une odeur.
Le logiciel SelfMind est utilisé comme module symbolique dans le système de perception intelligent SIMPL que Marc Sebban a développé dans le cadre de sa thèse de doctorat.
- PAYDIRT - Software Engineering Tool
The PAYDIRT software engineering tool will prove useful for the development of any decision support system which is used to monitor and analyse large quantities of data, and to propose response actions to the operator. Developed in partnership with the French water company, Lyonnaise des Eaux, PAYDIRT has first been applied to a decision support system for monitoring the drainage network of the City of Bordeaux.
Forschungsprojekte, Lehrstühle, Wissenschaftler
- Österreichisches Forschungsinstitut für Rechtsinformatik
Seite im Aufbau, geplant: Bibliographische Nachweise, Veranstaltungshinweise, personen- und sachbezogene Links.
- Donald Berman Laboratory for Information Technology and Law
Applied Computing Research Institute, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
The Donald Berman Centre for Information Technology and Law is a newly established research centre in the Applied Computing Research Institute (ACRI) at La Trobe University. ACRI supports both basic and applied research at La Trobe University. See bibliography: Extensive list of books and articles to expert systems in general, numerous titles to legal expert systems.
- Universiteit Maastricht, Faculty of Law, Department of Metajuridica, Section Law and Informatics
The topic of research at the Section Law and Informatics is legal information technology, with special focus on artificial intelligence and law, legal argumentation, defeasible argumentation, logic and law, automated argument assistance, legal ontology, computational dialectics, and formal legal theory. Links to scholars, projects and publications related with the Section.
- Gerald Quirchmayr, Institute for Applied Computer Science and Information Systems - Department for Information Engineering, University of Vienna, Austria
List of research projects on expert systems and law.
- CLIME- Computerised Legal Information Management and Explanation
A research project partially funded by the European Commission's ESPRIT Programme. Project partners: British Maritime Technology, London, England and Bureau Veritas, Paris, France.
CLIME is developing efficient and reliable methods
for encoding legal knowledge
and making it accessible to a wide range of users
through a natural language interface.
- "Legal Expert System" University of Tsubuka, Japan
Project to develop The Flowgraph Editor for Legal Knowledge Base.
The flowgraph editor converts the logical flowgraph to Compound Predicate Formula (CPF). Download possible. Flowgraph Editor requires Unix/Linux.
On the website you will also find the proceeding of 14th Conference of Japan Society for Software Science and Technology (1997)
- "Fuzzy-Schmerzensgeld", DFG-Projekt an der Universität des Saarlandes
Von 1998. Thema des interdisziplinären Projektes war die Modellierung des Entscheidungsprozesses bei der Schmerzensgeldbemessung unter Anwendung fuzzylogischer Methoden und Entwicklung eines Prototyps für ein entsprechendes Fuzzy-Expertensystem. Die Web-Site enthält eine zusammenfassende Darstellung, Kontaktadresse, Links zu AIL-Seiten und zu Infos über Fuzzy-Logic.
- Prof. Roland Traunmüller, Institut für Informatik in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Numerous publications on the topic of legal expert systems, no full text retrieval.
- Henry Prakken, Intelligent Systems Group, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Assistant professor at the Intelligent Systems Group of the computer science department at Utrecht University. Chairman of the ICAIL 2001 conference. On his homepage you find conference papers, links to AI+Law etc.
- Prof. Dr. Joost Breuker, University of Amsterdam
Department of Computer Science & Law (LRI), Faculty of Law.
List of scientific publications, some on Artificial Intelligence and Law.
- Legal Expert System Project
This is a legal expert system for CISG as a present study result of the project on "Development of a Legal Expert System - Clarification of the Structure of Legal Knowledge and Realization of Legal Reasoning" (abbreviation: "Legal Expert"). This project is founded as the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Monbusho). About 30 lawyers and computer scientists have been engaged in the interdisciplinary study of this project since May 1993 in Japan. This project includes the development of knowledge representation language, knowledge base of CISG (United Nations Conventions on Contracts for International Sale of Goods), several inference engines, and user interfaces such as knowledge constructing support tools and I/O system for natural language. The project goes on still further.
The ultimate goal of this research is to implement computerized expert systems, which are capable of performing human expert level legal inference. The implemented system executes deductive inference on a case with CISG (United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods), in order to show its capability and to identify further research issues.
- CLIME - Computerised Legal Information Management and Explanation (inactive)
A research project partially funded by the European Commission's ESPRIT Programme. Project partners: British Maritime Technology, London, England and Bureau Veritas, Paris, France.
This site is only a description of CLIME by Dr Radboud G.F. Winkels of the Leibniz Center for Law at the University of Amsterdam.
- Marvin Minsky, MIT.
Marvin Minsky has made many contributions to AI, cognitive psychology, mathematics, computational linguistics, robotics, and optics. In recent years he has worked chiefly on imparting to machines the human capacity for commonsense reasoning. His conception of human intellectual structure and function is presented in The Society of Mind (1987), which is also the title of the course he teaches at MIT.
His homepage provides a list of his publications, links to research groups and AI resources.
- The Case-Based Reasoning Group
The Case-Based Reasoning Group is part of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. You can find specific information here about our research, publications, abstracts, and personnel.
Research in Professor Edwina Rissland's CBR Group deals with case-based reasoning (CBR), AI and Legal Reasoning, CBR and machine learning, CBR and information retrieval, and CBR and scheduling. Current research projects include projects to investigate the use of multiple case representation and indexing schemes in precedent-based CBR, the effect of high level reasoning goals on supporting CBR tasks and vice versa in a mixed paradigm blackboard-based architecture, the use of CBR for generation of retrieval strategies in the context of information retrieval, and the automatic selection of parameters for dynamic scheduling problems.
- dfgdf
Project to develop The Flowgraph Editor for Legal Knowledge Base.
The flowgraph editor converts the logical flowgraph to Compound Predicate Formula (CPF). Download possible. Flowgraph Editor requires Unix/Linux.
On the website you will also find the proceeding of 14th Conference of Japan Society for Software Science and Technology (1997)
Konferenzen: Termine und Berichte
- ICAIL 2001 - Eighth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law
ICAIL-2001 was held May 21-25, 2001 in St. Louis, USA, under the auspices of the International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law (IAAIL), an organization devoted to promoting research and development in the field of AI and Law with members throughout the world.
ICAIL provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest research results and practical applications and stimulates interdisciplinary and international collaboration. Previous ICAIL conferences have taken place in Boston (1987), Vancouver (1989), Oxford (1991), Amsterdam (1993), College Park, Maryland (1995), Melbourne (1997), and Oslo (1999). Links to former ICAIL-Conference-Pages, to related conferences and organisations on homepage.
For purchase of ICAIL proceedings and numerous magazines see Association of Computing Machinery. Proceedings on the conference from the years 1995, 1987 and 1999 can be ordered here. Access to full-text of conference proceedings for the years 1987 (first conference) until 1999 is possible by subscription or pay-per-view only, and registration is required.
- International Computing Sciences Conventions - Natural and Artificial Intelligence Systems Organization
List of upcoming events on Artificial Intelligence and Computing.
- DEXA 2007 - Regensburg
* 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications - DEXA '07
* 9th International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery - DaWaK '07
* 8th International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies - EC-Web '07
* 6th International Conference on Electronic Government - EGOV '07
* 4th International Conference on Trust, Privacy, and Security in Digital Business - TrustBus '07
* 3rd International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems - HoloMAS '07
* 1st International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems - NBiS '07
- EDV-Gerichtstag, Saarbrücken, 2002
Der EDV Gerichtstag wird jährlich im September an der Universität Saarbrücken durchgeführt und dient als Forum des Erfahrungsaustausches über den Einsatz der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung für die Rechtspflege auch im anwaltlichen Bereich. Zu Expertensystemen siehe insbesondere: ?Entscheidungsunterstützungssysteme? ? Workshop des 5. EDV-Gerichtstages, Saarbrücken 1996: Bericht eines Workshops unter der Moderation von Prof. Dr. Maximilian Herberger, Saarbrücken. Nach einleitenden Gedanken folgen sehr kurze Praxisberichte zu den Systemen ARBIS, JUREX, Reiserechtliches Expertensystem und 1st Card, jeweils mit Literaturhinweisen zu ausführlicheren Darstellungen.
- IRIS 2002 - Internationales Rechtsinformatik Symposium Salzburg
Homepage der Veranstaltung. Das Salzburger Rechtsinformatiksymposium fand vom 21.-23. Februar 2002 bereits zum fünften Mal statt und hat sich als größte und bedeutendste wissenschaftliche Tagung in Österreich und Süddeutschland auf dem Gebiet der Rechtsinformatik einen festen Platz erobert.
Der Schwerpunkt der Tagung liegt im Informationsaustausch der führenden österreichischen aber auch internationalen Rechtsinformatiker/innen über die drängenden rechtswissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen, die mit dem explosionsartigen Aufstieg der modernen Informationstechnologie verbunden sind.
Praktisch-rechtliche Themen wie ePerson, elektronische Signatur, electronic privacy etc. standen deshalb 2002 ebenso auf der Tagesordnung, wie die technischen, philosophischen und sozialen Grundlagen, etwa electronic publishing, Probleme der Verantwortung für Avatare etc (Tagungsbericht 2002).
Die Konferenz fand in den letzten vier Jahren unter dem Namen Salzburger Rechtsinformatikgespräche statt. 2001 gab es unter anderem eine Session zu Künstlicher Intelligenz und juristischen Expertensystemen. Beiträge zum Teil abrufbar.
- 9th Intl. Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning NMR'2002
April 19-21 2002, Toulouse, France.
This is the 9th workshop in the NMR series. Its aim is to bring together active researchers in the broad area of nonmonotonic reasoning, including belief revision, reasoning about actions, planning, logic programming, causality, probabilistic and possibilistic approaches to KR, and other related topics. Workshop activities will include invited talks, tutorials, presentations of technical papers and special sessions. As part of the program we will assess the status of the field after 20 years since its inception and discuss issues such as: significant recent achievements in the theory and automation of NMR, critical short and long term goals for NMR, emerging new research directions in NMR, practical applications of NMR, significance of NMR to knowledge representation and AI in general.
Material zu KI und Expertensystemen im Allgemeinen
- Kurs zu Expertensysteme
Eine allgemeine Einführung zu Expertensystemen, auch neuronale Netze und Fuzzy Logic. Allerdings nur recht oberflächlich. Inhaltlich basiert die Darstellung auf dem Buch von Frank Puppe: Einführung in Expertensysteme, Springer Verlag 1991.
- What ist AI? What are Expert Systems?
Explication and discussion of expert-system-related terms and ideas.
- Artificial Intelligence, and Robot Wisdom
By Jorn Barger 1999.
This Web-branch will try to provide an overview of the state of AI, emphasizing one obscure sub-specialty called 'story representation' that I anticipate will be the key to future successes.
- AI/Alife HOWTO
This Howto mainly contains information about, and links to, various AI related software libraries, applications, etc. that work on the Linux platform. All of it is (at least) free for personal use.
- Arbeitsmaterial zu KI für Schulunterricht
Die vorliegenden Materialien bieten ein Konzept und Anregungen zur Behandlung des Themas KI in verschiedenen Stufen allgemeinbildender Schulen. Hierbei geht es zunächst um einen programmierfreien Zugang zu den Grundlagen der Realisierung geistiger Leistungen durch Maschinen. Daneben bilden philosophische, politische, ethische und erkenntnistheoretische Aspekte des Themas wesentliche Bestandteile des Konzeptes. Die Materialien umfassen verschiedene Softwaresysteme, einen Theorieband und einen Praxisband zur klassischen KI. Dieses Lehrmaterial steht zum kostenlosen Download bereit.
Organisationen
- IAAIL - International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law
The International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law, Inc. (IAAIL) was formed for the purpose of supporting, developing and promoting
the field of Artificial Intelligence and Law at the international level. One activity consistent with this purpose is the organization of a
biannual International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL).
- AAAI - American Association for Artificial Intelligence
Founded in 1979, the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is a nonprofit scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artificial intelligence, improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI developments and future directions.
Major AAAI activities include organizing and sponsoring conferences, symposia, and workshops, publishing a quarterly magazine for all members,
publishing books, proceedings, and reports, and awarding grants, scholarships, and other honors.
- Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques, Italy - Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell?Informazione Giuridica (ITTIG)
The Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques (ITTIG) belongs to the Italian National Research Council.
The Institute's activities include research, specialized training, consultancy and technical-scientific transferal in the field of information and communications technology applied to law and public administration.
The Institute produces and distributes data bases of national and international importance and makes specialized tools and software available for the searching of legal information on the Web.
Weitere Linksammlungen, Unternehmen, Sonstiges
- A Guide To Artificial Intelligence & Law Resources
This page contains links to information and resources relevant to the study of Artificial Intelligence and Law, by M. Aikenhead, University of Durham, UK.
Categories provided: Calls for papers, associations, relevant law journals and publishers, courses, AI and Law publications, workshops and conferences, research groups and centres, on-line papers, researchers, commercial, systems available over the internet, AI and Law in the news, other useful sites.
- Fast Fact - Die intelligente Akte
FASTFACT will zum führenden Anbieter elektronischer Informationen werden. Das Produkt "Die Intelligente Akte" dient dazu, die Recherchezeit während der Bearbeitung eines juristischen Falles erheblich zu reduzieren - Anwälte und Steuerberater verbringen 40 bis 70 Prozent ihrer Arbeitszeit mit der Recherche von Präzedenzfällen.
Die Intelligente Akte hilft bei dieser Arbeit - der Anwender formuliert die Fragestellung in seinem Dokument und das System sucht alle passenden Urteile zu dieser Fragestellung heraus.
In der ca. 150.000 Urteile umfassenden Datenbank, die als Grundlage für die Suchmaschine dient, sind bis zu den aktuellsten Urteilen alle einschlägigen Gerichtsentscheide und Gesetzesänderungen enthalten.
- Legal Software Vendors on the Internet
- Law Section of the AAAI. Quick Start Tips
Links to "good places to start" reading about artificial intelligence and law. Articles, conferences, other organisations etc.
- Internet Contract Agreement Software, Web Templates, Legal Forms Software
ContractEdge is a software application that helps software consulting and web services firms draft their own high-quality legal documents. The interactive software provides 16 customizable master agreements designed specifically for the IT industry. An on-board word processor and "expert system" Q&A process provide unique flexibility and ease of use. Downloadable help is now available to give you the instant business savvy and capabilities of the finest IT lawyers, but at very cost effective savings.
- Home Page of The Loebner Prize--"The First Turing Test"
The Loebner Prize is the first formal instantiation of a Turing Test. In 1990 Hugh Loebner agreed with The Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies to underwrite a contest designed to implement the Turing Test. Dr. Loebner pledged a Grand Prize of $100,000 and a Gold Medal (pictured above) for the first computer whose responses were indistinguishable from a human's. Each year an annual prize of $2000 and a bronze medal is awarded to the most human computer. The winner of the annual contest is the best entry relative to other entries that year, irrespective of how good it is in an absolute sense.
- Coginov / Nomino
Coginov was established in 2002. We are a leading developer of online, customer self-service software. Our technological expertise lies in natural language processing, advanced computational linguistics and knowledge-based management. Our unique, proprietary products are the result of over twenty years of research conducted at the University of Quebec and associated laboratories. We are at the forefront of smarter, simpler, online communication.
With its patented technology Nomino is well positioned to help manage the explosive demand in online customer service being experienced around the world.
- Elektronische Bibliothek - Rechtsinformatik
Linksammlung von Erich Schweighofer, Universität Wien. Forschungs-, Informatik-, Rechtsinformatikinstitute, Bibliographie, Konferenzen etc.
- Exsys - Knowledge Automation Expert System
Exsys software and services enable businesses, government and organizations to distribute a company's most valuable asset - expert knowledge, to the people that need it - through powerful interactive Web-enabled expert systems.
- AI Sources in UK
The School of Management and Economics, Queen´s University Belfast, UK.
Extensive list of AI Sources, books, (online) articles, links to www sources.
- Jürgen Baur Web-Site
Links zu ?Legal Decision Support Systems? auf Jürgen Baurs Website im Menüpunkt ?Rechtsinformatik?.
- Studie "Informationsbeschaffung in der Anwaltskanzlei und im Jurastudium"
Ergebnisse der Studie "Informationsbeschaffung in der Anwaltskanzlei und im Jurastudium" aus dem Jahre 1997/98. Das Projekt, eine Kooperation des Verlags Recht und Praxis und Maisberger & Partner unter wissenschaftlicher Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Fritjof Haft war eine der größten Umfragen unter Juristen mit über 1.600 Teilnehmern.
- ACM Publications
ACM publishes, distributes, and archives original research and firsthand perspectives from the world's leading thinkers in computing and information technologies. ACM offers over two dozen publications that help computing professionals negotiate the strategic challenges and operating problems of the day. The ACM Press Books program covers a broad spectrum of interests in computer science and engineering.
- DFKI - German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH
Founded in 1988, DFKI today is one of the largest nonprofit contract research institutes in the field of innovative software technology based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods. DFKI is focusing on the complete cycle of innovation - from world-class basic research and technology development through leading-edge demonstrators and prototypes to product functions and commercialization.
- Macroknow - custom-made expert systems
You can use Macroknow's Expert System Services to analyze the likelihoods of the outcomes in myriad applications and scenarios, some routine, some complicated, in many categories. And you can do so without hindering your ability to deal directly and explicitly with uncertainty and complicated cases.
The inputs, outputs, likelyhoods etc. of the particular setting can be specified by a www-based dialogue.
- 3rd Generation Smart Law Firm Web Sites
Linklists of Law firms that use special software tools, legal expert systems vendors.
- Expert Systems
Short introduction into expert systems. Links to an expert systems glossary, other expert systems sites, expert systems vendors, articles and books.
Artificial Intelligence & Law Resources
Online Indexes of Artificial Intelligence Journals and Publications
Resources on AI in General
- Österreichische Linksammlung
Seite im Aufbau, Infoangebot noch gering. Künstliche Intelligenz in Medizin, Recht, Gesellschaft etc.
- Peter Suber´s list, Philosophy Department at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, USA.
Minds & Machines, Links to texts, AI software online, newsgroups etc.
- UNB Saint John, Ward Chipman Library's Guide to Resources in Information Science
Internet Resources for Information Science and Technology.
- Aaron Sloman´s list, School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, UK, 2000
Artificial Intelligence ? an Illustrative Overview, by Aaron Sloman.
Zeitschriften
- AIL - Artificial Intelligence and Law
A convenient list of contents at Informatik, Uni Trier.
The scope of Artificial Intelligence and Law is as follows: Theoretical or empirical studies in artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, jurisprudence, linguistics, or philosophy which addresses the development of formal or computational models of legal knowledge, reasoning, and decision making. In-depth studies of innovative artificial intelligence systems that are being used in the legal domain. Studies which address the ethical and social implications of the field of Artificial Intelligence and Law. In addition to original research contributions, the journal will include a Book Review section and a series of Technology Reports describing existing and emerging products, applications and technologies.
Four issues per year. Full text retrieval only on subsription for a fee. Online sample copy for free.
- LTJ - Law Technology Journal
University of Warwick, UK. Full text.
The Law Technology Journal (LTJ) was published by the CTI Law Technology Center from 1991 until 1996. It was superceded by a web journal, the JILT (Journal of Information Law and Technology).
- JILT - Journal of Information, Law & Technology
University of Warwick and Strathclyde University, UK. Full text.
JILT is a new and innovative electronic law journal covering a range of topics relating to IT law and applications. It contains a diversity of materials including peer reviewed and non-refereed articles, work in progress, book and conference reviews. JILT is the first in a series of ejournals published in the Electronic Law Journals (ELJ) environment which will provide a forum for continuing dialogue for law.
- JOLT - Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology is the first law review in the world to be published exclusively online. First published on April 10, 1995, the Journal focuses on the impact that computer-related and other emerging technologies have on the law. The Journal is published entirely by students of the University of Richmond School of Law. Publishing online has proved to be tremendously beneficial in allowing The Journal to reach a much wider audience than would have been possible using the traditional print medium.
Full text articles published by The Journal are available on the World Wide Web, through LEXIS, Westlaw, The Index to Legal Periodicals, William S. Hein & Co., and a number of other legal indices. The purpose of making The Journal available exclusively online relates to the unique characteristics of the Internet: the hypertext capabilities of the World Wide Web, combined with the low cost of access make this an ideal medium for transmitting legal information to a mass audience.
- JAIR - Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Full text.
JAIR covers all areas of artificial intelligence (AI), publishing refereed research articles, survey articles, and technical notes.
- JurPC - Internet-Zeitschrift für Rechtsinformatik
Begründet und herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Maximilian Herberger, Institut für Rechtsinformatik, Universität des Saarlandes. Alle Ausgaben von 1989 bis 1996 können in Faksimile-Form im Internet nachgeschlagen werden. Seit 1997 ist JurPC eine kostenlose Internet-Zeitschrift mit wöchentlichem Erscheinungsrhythmus. Sie enthält Aufsätze, Rechtsprechung und Meldungen zu Themen der Rechtsinformatik; darunter auch mehrere Aufsätze zur Funktionsweise von Expertensystemen, Erfahrungsberichte etc. (siehe auch unter Bibliographie).
- KI - Künstliche Intelligenz - Forschung, Entwicklung, Erfahrungen
Volltext.
Die Zeitschrift KI ist das Organ des Fachbereichs 1 "Künstliche Intelligenz" der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI). Veröffentlicht werden Artikel zu KI im Allgemeinen. Über Homepage sind auch Ausgaben vergangener Jahre abrufbar.
- Journal of Law and Information Science - Australia
Law Journal by the Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Australia, 1994-1997.
The Journal of Law and Information Science is an international, cross-disciplinary journal devoted to issues relating to law and information science. The journal publishes twice yearly. Examples of topics include articles on law and artificial intelligence/ expert systems; computer law, intellectual property law issues, privacy concerns, computer crime, electronic commerce, use of technology in legal practice, technological developments in legal education, etc.
- JOL - Journal of Online Law
William & Mary College, Marschall-Whyte School of Law, Williamsburg, Va., USA.
The Journal of Online Law (\\\"JOL\\\") is an electronic publication of scholarly essays about law and online communications--law and cyberspace. The first issue was released early in June, 1995.
JOL aims at concisely framing and exploring the key legal issues arising from networked communication; at speculating a bit about future trends; and in general, at trying to bring interested readers some interesting reading about the law of cyberspace.
|
|
